Back pain is a very common condition that almost everyone suffers from at some point in their life. Often, this pain can be very limiting and prevent you from carrying out daily activities. Fortunately, it is a pain that can be avoided by taking into account certain guidelines. Below, we will explain in detail everything that must be taken into account to prevent back pain.
Types of back pain and symptoms
Back pain can range from a slight discomfort to a continuous and limiting pain. Depending on the area of the back in which it is located, three types of pain can be distinguished:
- Low back pain: This type of pain is located in the lower back, between the ribs and the beginning of the thigh.
- Dorsalgia: This type of pain manifests itself in the middle area of the back.
- Cervicalgia: This ailment is focused on the upper back area, in the cervical region.
Pain can also be classified according to its duration. It can be acute, when it appears suddenly and lasts less than six weeks, or chronic, when it lasts more than three months.
On the other hand, pain can also be divided into mechanical and inflammatory pain. Mechanical pain usually worsens with movement and is reduced by rest, while inflammatory pain is not affected by rest or activity, and is usually caused by another more serious pathology, such as degenerative diseases or tumor lesions.
The symptoms associated with back pain usually have specific characteristics: the appearance of intense, stabbing pain that is limiting, pain that worsens with effort, and pain that radiates to other areas of the body, usually the neck or legs. Occasionally, tingling or numbness may be felt in the area.
Causes of back pain
The causes of back pain can be very diverse and can range from structural problems to medical conditions. Often, this pain is related to malformations or wear and tear in the spine, which can result in poor functioning of the back muscles.
In other cases, pain may be a symptom of digestive or renal diseases, such as renal colic or kidney stones. It may also be caused by rheumatic diseases, such as arthritis, osteoarthritis or osteoporosis.
In addition, dysfunctions of the nervous system can cause compression or alterations in the nerves, which cause discomfort or pain to the patient. Most commonly, back pain is related to the existence of muscular or bone injuries, such as sprains, bone tears or fractures, or hernias.
Risk factors for spinal pain
Back pain can appear suddenly and for no apparent reason. However, there are various factors that increase a patient's predisposition to suffer from back pain. Age is one of the most significant risk factors, since with aging the bone and muscle structure loses strength and is subject to greater wear, which increases the risk of injury.
A sedentary lifestyle or lack of exercise, as well as being overweight, are risk factors, since the back will have to bear a greater load. In addition, performing sudden exercises or forcing the spine into positions can lead to a greater risk of injury.
Smoking is also a risk factor for back pain, as tobacco reduces blood flow to the back, which can lead to insufficient nutrient supply to the back discs. Stress and anxiety can also be a risk factor, as they can contribute to muscle tension and the perception of pain.
Although back pain is often associated with the factors mentioned above, it can also be influenced by genetic factors. Some hereditary conditions can predispose people to developing spinal problems, thus increasing their risk of suffering from pain.
When to see a specialist for back pain
Back pain is often underestimated, hoping that it will go away on its own. However, it is essential to see a specialist orthopedist in cases where the pain persists, radiates to the extremities, is accompanied by symptoms such as fever or unexplained weight loss, affects mobility, or numbness and tingling are present.
Diagnosis of back pain
When back pain appears, it is necessary to consult a specialist, in order to obtain proper treatment and rule out more serious pathologies.
The diagnostic process usually begins with a physical examination of the area, which will examine the patient's posture as well as the points where pain occurs. In addition, a complete blood test is usually performed to rule out infections or other conditions.
Finally, imaging tests are often requested to rule out more serious pathologies. For example, X-rays, MRIs or CT scans can measure nerve impulses in the area.
Treatment of spinal pain
Treatment for back pain depends on the cause and severity of the symptoms. In the first few days, painkillers and anti-inflammatories are usually administered to reduce pain, especially if the lesions are inflammatory. These drugs can be accompanied by rehabilitation and stretching exercises, which can improve mobility in the area. In addition, therapies involving the application of cold and heat are recommended, as well as the use of a girdle to keep the area protected and limit movement.
If the pain persists, the patient will have to undergo other types of treatments. Among them, physiotherapy is one of those that provides the best results. In addition, acupuncture or electrical stimulation treatments can be applied, which can mitigate the pain from the affected nerve points.
In cases where the pain does not disappear, and the cause is more serious, surgical intervention can be carried out. In this, decompression of the affected nerve will be carried out or the bones will be fused, in case of breaks or fractures.
Back pain prevention
In many cases, back pain can be prevented by avoiding risk factors. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including moderate exercise, weight control, and a healthy diet, may reduce your chances of developing back pain.
On the other hand, it is important to exercise the strength and flexibility of the back, as well as to strengthen the abdominal muscles, which can drastically reduce the appearance of injuries. Giving priority to resting the muscles to avoid muscle overload, and taking care of postural hygiene, are also essential habits to reduce the risk of suffering from back pain.
Exercises to relieve and prevent back pain
There are certain disciplines that can help prevent back pain or alleviate it if it already exists. Some of them are swimming and pilates, which, through low-impact exercises, significantly strengthen the muscles in the area. In addition, practices such as yoga and tai chi are also excellent for improving flexibility and posture.
Stretching after exercise is essential to return muscles and joints to their natural state. Exercises such as rotating the neck to both sides and stretching the shoulders help to relax and protect the back.
Incorporating these exercises can relieve back pain and improve flexibility, strength, and well-being, contributing to better spinal health.
It is essential not to underestimate back pain and prevent it with healthy habits. Adopting an appropriate exercise routine, maintaining good posture and avoiding risk factors can make a difference in the health of your spine. Do not hesitate to consult a specialist for the appearance of back pain. Remember that an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can make a difference to the well-being of your spine.
